真菌学简史

介绍

真菌学研究真菌,包括他们的遗传和生化特性,分类,和使用人类的易燃物,传统医药,食品,和帮助,以及他们的风险,如毒性和感染。真菌学家是科学家与真菌。真菌学重叠与植物病理学、植物病害的研究,和两个字段是密不可分的,因为真菌感染占绝大多数的工厂。真菌学曾经考虑植物的一部分,因为尽管真菌是进化更紧密地连接到动物比植物,这种关系直到最近才承认。

伊莱亚斯Magnus薯条,亨德里克·Persoon基督教安东对于,伊丽莎白伊顿是最早真菌学家。码头Andrea Saccardo设计了一种技术,识别不完全真菌孢子色彩和形态的基础上,成为dna分类前的标准方法。他的“Sylloge”,这是一个完整的库存的所有名字被用于蘑菇,使他闻名于世。“Sylloge”仍然是只有书的那种既全面又有点当前植物王国的真菌。真菌学和互补的术语真菌学家这个词在1836年首次使用M.J.伯克利毒素、抗生素和其他次生代谢产物是由真菌。亚伯拉罕Joffe为例,调查了世界(全球)属镰刀菌素及其毒素与人类的食物有毒aleukia致命疫情。在他们的角色作为共生体,如菌根共生体昆虫,和地衣真菌对地球上的生命来说是非常重要的。许多真菌可以像木质素降解复杂的有机大分子,这是一个更耐用组件的木材,以及外源性物质等污染物,石油和多环芳烃。真菌扮演了重要的角色在全球碳循环通过降解这些化合物。真菌和其他生物,通常归类为真菌,如卵菌纲和粘液菌门(黏菌),经常在经济上和社会上意义重大,因为它们导致疾病的动物(包括人类)和植物。 Aside from harmful fungus, a variety of fungal species play a significant role in the management of plant diseases caused by various pathogens. For example, members of the filamentous fungus genus Trichoderma are regarded as one of the most significant biological control agents for crop disease management as an alternative to chemical-based treatments. Humans are said to have begun harvesting mushrooms for sustenance in prehistoric times. Euripides' writings were the first to mention mushrooms (480-406 BC). The Greek philosopher ‘Theophrastos of Eresos’ (371-288 BC) may have been the first to attempt to classify plants in a systematic manner; mushrooms were thought to be plants lacking specific parts. Later, in his encyclopaedia ‘Naturalis historia’, Pliny the Elder (23–79 AD) wrote about truffles. Fungi and truffles are just the excess moisture or dirt of trees, rotten wood, and other decomposing materials, rather than herbs, roots, blossoms, or seeds. This is evident from the fact that all fungus and truffles, particularly those utilised for food, thrive in stormy and rainy weather. The publication of ‘Nova plantarum’ genera by Pier Antonio Micheli in 1737 marks the beginning of the modern period of mycology. This landmark book, published in Florence, set the groundwork for the systematic categorization of grasses, mosses, and fungi. In 1729, he coined the genus names Polyporus P. Micheli and Tuber P. Micheli, both of which are still in use today (though the descriptions were later amended as invalid by modern rules).