一个简短的天体物理学研究

关于这项研究

天体物理学是科学的一个分支,研究天体和事件使用物理和化学的方法和原则。天体物理学”旨在发现天体的特性,而不是他们的位置或运动的空间,而不是他们在哪里,”作为一个学科的创始人。太阳,其他恒星,星系,系外行星,星际介质、宇宙微波背景调查的主题。这些物体的排放特性研究了电磁波谱,包括亮度、密度、温度和化学成分。天体物理学家使用概念和方法从不同的物理和化学学科,包括经典力学、电磁、统计力学、热力学、量子力学、相对论,核与粒子物理、原子与分子物理,等等。

实际上,现代天文学研究中经常需要大量的物理学理论和观测工作。天体物理学家感兴趣的是确定暗物质的本质,暗能量,黑洞,和其他天体,以及宇宙的起源和最终命运。太阳系的形成和演化;恒星动力学和进化;星系形成和演化;磁流体动力学;宇宙中物质的大规模结构;宇宙射线的来源;狭义相对论,广义相对论和量子物理宇宙学,包括字符串宇宙论与天体粒子物理学。天文学是一个古老的话题已经从地球物理学研究孤立了很长一段时间。 The sky looked to be immutable spheres whose only motion was uniform motion in a circle, but the earthly world was the realm of growth and decay, in which natural motion was in a straight line and stopped when the moving object reached its goal, according to the Aristotelian worldview. As a result, it was assumed that the celestial realm was formed of a fundamentally different kind of matter than that found on Earth; either fire, as Plato claimed, or aether, as Aristotle claimed. Natural philosophers like Galileo, Descartes, and Newton began to argue in the 17th century that the heavenly and terrestrial realms were made of comparable materials and were subject to the same natural laws. Their problem was that they didn't have the means to back up their claims because they hadn't been invented yet. The mundane labour of measuring the positions and estimating the movements of celestial objects dominated astronomical research for much of the nineteenth century. When William Hyde Wollaston and Joseph von Fraunhofer separately found that when deconstructing the light from the Sun, a multiplicity of black lines (regions where there was little or no light) were noticed in the spectrum, a new astronomy, shortly to be called astrophysics, began to emerge. By 1860, physicist Gustav Kirchhoff and chemist Robert Bunsen had shown that the dark lines in the solar spectrum corresponded to bright lines in the spectra of known gases, with specific lines matching to specific chemical components. The black lines in the solar spectrum, according to Kirchhoff, are created by chemical components in the solar atmospheric absorption. As a result, it was demonstrated that the chemical elements present in the Sun and stars could also be found on Earth. Norman Lockyer, who discovered radiant as well as dark lines in solar spectra in 1868, was one of many who advanced the study of solar and stellar spectra. He couldn't link a yellow line in the sun spectrum with any known elements while working with chemist Edward Frankland to explore the spectra of elements at various temperatures and pressures. As a result, he believed that the line represented a new element, which he named helium after the Greek god of the Sun, Helios.

与理论天体物理学,主要关注确定物理模型的可测量的结果,观测天文学是天文研究的一个分支关心记录和解释数据。它是利用望远镜和其他天文仪器技术观察天体。除了电磁辐射,很少有对象,从地球上可以看到来自巨大的距离。虽然有一些引力波天文台建成,探测到引力波是极其困难的。中微子天文台也被构造,研究太阳的目标。宇宙射线,这是由非常高能量粒子,曾被观察到的地球大气层。宇宙大爆炸,宇宙膨胀,暗物质,暗能量,和物理学基本理论被广泛接受和研究天体物理思想和模型目前纳入Lambda-CDM模型。