ISSN在线(2319 - 8753)打印(2347 - 6710)
Govardhan Naik A1,文加雅五世2,拉利塔玛A3.Changamma C4 |
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口服槟榔叶茎提取物对雄性白化病大鼠肝脏结构组织无影响。肝脏蛋白的减少而血清蛋白的升高可能是由于向血液的动员。肝脏和血清碳水化合物减少表明低血糖和部分肝细胞增殖。由于叶柄提取物的施用,更多的葡萄糖在肝脏中代谢为葡萄糖酸盐,导致血清葡萄糖水平降低。治疗后肝糖原无明显变化,表明提取物具有抗高血糖活性。乳酸是糖酵解途径的最终产物,是组织替代物相对好氧或厌氧性质的指标。丙酮酸的增强是由于糖酵解增加,更多的乳酸转化为丙酮酸。
关键字 |
槟榔叶茎提取物,肝脏,血清,低血糖,乳酸 |
介绍 |
一些植物产品可以抑制男性和女性的生育能力,并可能被开发成避孕药。尽管许多本土植物已被证明可以阻止生育,但迄今为止只有少数植物被研究出具有抗生育活性。一些植物被描述为抗生育剂[1]。以100和200 mg/kg剂量给雄性大鼠口服反叶草叶乙醇提取物8-10周,均未引起体重减轻,但睾丸和附睾重量显著降低。还报道了精子发生的抑制,初级和次级精母细胞的减少,精子数量,活力和生育能力Gupta等。[2]报道了原始精母细胞数量的减少,干扰和阻止精子发生,降低男性生育能力Tinospora cordifolia [3], Eurycoma longifolia Wahab等人[4],Ruta graveolons Bazrafkan等人[5],Mondia whitei Watcho等人[6]的提取物。槟榔叶(Tambula patra brint)因其叶子而广泛种植在印度温暖潮湿的地区;在雄性和雌性大鼠身上研究了槟榔植物的抗生育特性。Tewari et al.[7]提示,槟榔叶茎提取物的避孕作用主要是在附睾精子的成熟过程中起作用,而不影响子宫激素的变化。为了了解槟榔叶茎提取物的毒性潜力,有必要对其肝脏和血清的毒性进行研究。因此进行了本研究。 |
2材料与方法 |
本研究采用健康成年(3月龄,体重160±10g)雄性wistar白化大鼠。这些老鼠是从印度班加罗尔的Sri Raghavendra企业购买的。取雄性白化大鼠,分为两组,每组6只。第一组对照组大鼠给予1毫升蒸馏水。第二组试验组给予槟榔叶茎提取物,剂量率为150 mg/Kg体重/天,采用Dehgan等[8]方法灌胃15 d。动物饲养在卫生条件下的洁净聚丙烯笼内,在通风良好的洁净空调室内,光照周期为12小时,暗周期为12小时,温度为25±2℃,相对湿度为50±5%。大鼠被喂食标准实验室饲料(印度斯坦杠杆有限公司,孟买)和自由饮水。最后一次给药24小时后,动物被解剖。肝脏等组织被分离出来,立即冷藏,用于生化分析。采集血液,分离血清,用于生化分析。 Dry matter and water content were analyzed gravimetrically. The total proteins Lowry et al. [9], total carbohydrates Carrol et al. [10], total lipids Folch et al. [11], glucose Mendal et al. [12], glycogen [13], lactic acid [14&15] and pyruvic acid [16] were estimated biochemically both in control and experimental rat tissues. |
3结果与讨论 |
肝脏是主要的代谢器官。在本研究中,干物质和水分含量均无明显变化,说明槟榔叶茎提取物对肝脏结构组织无影响。肝蛋白显著降低,血清蛋白显著升高。这可能是由于动员血[17],Hasimbasha等[18]。肝脏和血清碳水化合物减少表明给药后出现低血糖和部分肝细胞增殖[19]。肝脏总脂质因向血液循环动员而降低[20&21]。与对照组相比,肝脏和血清葡萄糖水平显著降低(-49.59 P<0.001, -7.36 P<0.001)。肝脏在人类和动物的能量储存中都起着重要作用,与女性相比,男性可能会更快地调动肝脏中的碳水化合物。肝脏是高强度代谢和排泄的主要部位,调节机体内稳态Ahsan et al.[23]。肝脏是葡萄糖代谢的主要器官。 Apart from expressing the enzymes involved in glucose metabolism and regulation, liver possesses numerous enzymes involved in detoxification and toxicity enhancement [24]. Glucose is an essential nutrient for the human body. It is the major energy source for many cells, which depend on the blood stream for a steady supply. Blood glucose levels, therefore, are carefully maintained. The liver plays a central role in this process by balancing the uptake and storage of glucose via glycogenesis and the release of glucose via glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. The several substrate cycles in the major metabolic pathways of the liver play key roles in the regulation of glucose production Nordile et al. [25]. In the present findings there was 50% reduction in hepatic glucose and 7% reduction in serum glucose levels over control. It is due to the administration of leaf stalk extract more glucose is metabolized in to gluconate in liver which leads to lowered serum glucose levels. There was no significant changes occur in liver glycogen over treatment. Liver glycogen level may be considered as the best marker for assessing anti-hyperglycemic activity of any drug Grover et al. [26]. Liver is the major tissue to convert glucose, fatty acids and amino acids to acetyl-CoA [21]. Thus it also indicating nontoxic nature of plant material administered. In liver the lactic acid was reduced significantly. Lactate which is an end product of the glycolytic pathway is an index of the relative aerobic or anaerobic nature of the tissue understudy. It is converted in to pyruvic acid before it can be metabolized and the conversion of lactate into pyruvic acid is depending upon NAD concentrations and thereby it showed enter into TCA cycle [27]. Decrease in lactate level might be due to increased conversion to pyruvate under aerobic conditions. The reduction in lactate content might be attributed to defect in catabolising glycogen in vitro Anil Kumar et al. [28].The depletion could also be attributed to gluconeogensis or utilization [29] or the possibility of glycogenolysis Neff et al. [30], [28]. There was accumulation of pyruvic acid in liver and serum. The enhanced pyruvic acid was due to higher glycolysis and more lactic acid was converted in to pyruvic acid. This further supported the lactic acid deployment. Increased pyruvate level might be because of reduced uptake of the metabolite by the mitochondria membranes as reported by Annison et al. [31]. This might be because of the pyruvate contents slightly increase under the toxic conditions; pyruvate gets accumulated which indicates the extract interference with the normal metabolic activities [28]. Table: 1 Effect of Betel leaf stalk extract on Liver profiles in male albino rats. |
六个独立观测值的平均值+标准差。+和-分别表示比对照增加和减少的百分比。*indicates P<0.001,** indicates P<0.01, *** P<0.05 indicates the level of significance. NS- non significant changes |
六个独立观测值的平均值+标准差。+和-分别表示比对照增加和减少的百分比。*表示P<0.001, **表示P<0.01显著性水平。 |
四。结论 |
提取物对肝组织结构无明显影响。肝脏和血清碳水化合物减少表明低血糖和部分肝细胞增殖。治疗后肝糖原无明显变化,可作为评价提取物抗高血糖活性的最佳指标。增强丙酮酸代表提取物干扰正常代谢活动。 |
参考文献 |
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