植物资源、传统医学及其保护

摘要

当今世界正面临着能源、粮食和人口的重大危机。正是植物能提供克服这一切的全部力量。除此之外，这些植物还被用作饲料、纤维、建筑材料以及最重要的药物。植物作为药物在所有文明和文化中都有使用。特别是在发展中国家，土著治疗方式是其文化的一部分，社会可接受，经济上可行。据估计，现有的所有植物中有七分之一具有药用或治疗作用，但只有经过精心挑选和适当制备。

的意见

当今世界正面临着能源、粮食和人口的重大危机。正是植物能提供克服这一切的全部力量。除此之外，这些植物还被用作饲料、纤维、建筑材料以及最重要的药物。植物作为药物在所有文明和文化中都有使用。特别是在发展中国家，土著治疗方式是其文化的一部分，社会可接受，经济上可行。据估计，现有的所有植物中有七分之一具有药用或治疗作用，但只有经过精心挑选和适当制备。对药用植物的科学分析导致了许多重要的现代药物的发现，世卫组织列出了世界不同地区使用的2万种药用植物。人们普遍认为，植物的民间或传统药用用途(民族医学信息)表明植物中存在生物活性成分。来自野生植物的成分不仅广泛用于传统药物，而且在现代药物和草药制剂的制备中也越来越受到重视。需求的增加和人口的增加导致了对野生食材的日益增长和往往不可持续的开发，一些野生物种已经面临灭绝的威胁。 Wild populations of numerous species are overexploited around the globe, the demand created by the traditional medicine being one of the causes of the overexploitation. In this context, research opportunities should focus on the documentation of the traditional uses, the cultural and ecological aspects associated with such practices. Despite the importance of traditional medicine for public health in many parts of the world, the practitioners of ethno-medicine appear to be at a greater risk of extinction than even forests and other biomes. So, knowledge of the use of plants is disappearing faster than the plants themselves. Traditional knowledge on ethno-medicine is rapidly disappearing, owing to cultural change and declining access in both urban and rural areas to sources of natural medicinal products. Most villages in the World are no longer surrounded by the natural habitat that formerly served as a medicine storeroom, and bodies of folk knowledge that have accumulated and been sharpened for thousands of years are disappearing at an alarming rate. The destruction of tropical forests has meant, in many parts of the tropical region, increasing disappearance of native peoples who have been living in these areas and who have accumulated a compendium of folk knowledge about the usefulness of plants for curing various diseases. Biodiversity loss reduces the supplies of raw materials for drug discovery and biotechnology. As a result, it causes a loss of medical models, affects the spread of human diseases, and threatens food production and water quality. Its reduction has direct effects on the discovery of important medicines. In addition to the role biodiversity plays in helping people recover from illness, makes a significant contribution in preventing disease and illness, since well-functioning ecosystems can help protect human health. Nevertheless, the implications of biodiversity loss for the global environment have not been widely discussed. Recently, attention has been paid to its direct and serious effects on human health.

对植物资源的严重依赖在很大程度上取决于植物的可获得性和社会文化价值。然而，人口的增长、城市化和过度开发使这些植物资源的保护成为迫切的需要。自然资源的枯竭是世界各地保护自然的每一位科学家面临的主要挑战。以可持续的方式保护生物多样性更为重要。栖息地的枯竭一直在给野生动物和部落居民带来威胁。就其本身而言，必须采取恢复步骤，并应主动采取可持续利用植物资源的措施。此外，传统知识的记录在全球范围内得到了优先考虑，因为与植物资源一样，本土知识也濒临灭绝。因此，植物资源保护和植物遗传资源保护具有重要的优先意义和深入研究。