关键字 |
| WANET ERMECR, MDR, MAC |
介绍 |
| 无线传感器网络(WSN)由空间分布式自治传感器监控物理或环境条件,如温度、声音、压力等合作,并将数据通过网络传递给一个主要位置。更现代的网络是双向的,也使传感器的控制活动。无线传感器网络的发展是出于军事应用如战场监视;今天这样的网络被用于许多工业和消费者应用程序中,如工业过程监测和控制,机械健康监测。无线传感器网络(WSN)是一家集空间部署的无线传感器监测各种环境条件的变化(如森林火灾、空气污染物浓度,和对象移动)以协作的方式不依赖任何底层基础设施的支持。最近,大量的研究一直在努力开发传感器硬件和网络架构,以有效地部署网络为各种不同的应用程序。传感器网络的主要特点包括: |
| •功耗限制节点使用电池或能量收获 |
| •能力应对节点故障 |
| •移动的节点 |
| •沟通失败 |
| •异质性的节点 |
| •可伸缩性的大规模部署 |
| •能够经受严酷环境条件 |
| •易于使用 |
| 基站是一个或多个组件的基础上计算得多,能源和通信资源。他们作为一个传感器节点和终端用户之间的网关通常前进到一个服务器上的数据基础上。其他特殊组件基于路由的网络路由器、设计计算,计算和分发路由表。 |
相关工作 |
| 在[1]几个路由方案提出了特别的移动网络。作者提供的分类根据路由策略(即这些计划。,table-driven and on-demand) and presented a comparison of these two categories of routing protocols, highlighting their features, differences, and characteristics. Finally, they have identified possible applications and challenges facing ad hoc mobile wireless networks. While it is not clear that any particular algorithm or class of algorithm is the best for all scenarios, each protocol has definite advantages and disadvantages, and is well suited for certain situations. [2] Wireless multi-hop networks often experience severe performance degradations when legacy routing algorithms are employed, because they are not optimized to take advantage of the peculiarities of wireless links. Indeed, the wireless channel is intrinsically a broadcast medium, making a point-to-point link abstraction not suitable. Furthermore, channel conditions may significantly differ both in time and space, making routing over predetermined paths inadequate to adapt the forwarding process to the channel variability. Motivated by these limitations, the research community has started to explore novel routing paradigms and design principles dealing with the wireless diversity as an opportunity rather than a shortcoming. Within this large body of research, opportunistic routing and network coding are emerging as two of the most promising approaches to exploit the intrinsic characteristics of multi-hop wireless net- works, such as multi-user diversity. The aim of this survey is to examine how opportunistic forwarding and network coding can achieve performance gains by performing hop-by-hop route construction and by encoding data packets at intermediate nodes. Authors present a taxonomy of existing solutions, and describe their most representative features, benefits and design challenges. [3] In this paper authors proposes COPE, a new architecture for wireless mesh networks. In addition to forwarding packets, routers mix (i.e., code) packets from different sources to increase the information content of each transmission. We show that intelligently mixing packets increases network throughput. Our design is rooted in the theory of network coding. Prior work on network coding is mainly theo- retical and focuses on multicast traffic. Authors aims to bridge theory with practice; it addresses the common case of unicast traffic, dynamic and potentially bursty flows, and practical issues facing the integration of network coding in the current network stack. Authors evaluated the design on a 20-node wireless network, and discussed the results of the first test bed deployment of wireless network coding. In this paper [4] authors presents a protocol for routing in ad hoc networks that uses dynamic source routing. The protocol adapts quickly to routing changes when host movement is frequent, yet requires little or no overhead during periods in which hosts move less frequently. Based on results from a packet-level simulation of mobile hosts operating in an ad hoc network, the protocol performs well over a variety of environmental conditions such as host density and movement rates. For all but the highest rates of host movement simulated, the overhead of the protocol is quite low, falling to just 1% of total data packets transmitted for moderate movement rates in a network of 24 mobile hosts. In all cases, the difference in length between the routes used and the optimal route lengths is negligible, and in most cases, route lengths are on average within a factor of 1.01 of optimal. [5] Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks (WSANs) are characterized by the collective effort of heterogenous nodes called sensors and actors. Sensor nodes collect information about the physical world, while actor nodes take action decisions and perform appropriate actions upon the environment. The collaborative operation of sensors and actors brings significant advantages over traditional sensing, including improved accuracy, larger coverage area and timely actions upon the sensed phenomena. However, to realize these potential gains, there is a need for an efficient trans- port layer protocol that can address the unique communication challenges introduced by the coexistence of sensors and actors. |
算法 |
该算法的描述: |
| The 正式 的 描述 Reliable Reactive Routing Enhancement (R3E) 增加 韧性 为 WSNs/IWSNs. 动态 链接它继承了机会主义路由的优点。R3E设计。可靠的路由发现和维护每个节点的路由信息。每个节点在路由发现阶段,参与合作的下游社区信息存储转发过程。当一个节点作为货代,货代已经知道选择下一跳转发候选人沿着发现路径。优先级负责运行时转发阶段。成功接收到数据包时,当一个节点转发决策模块检查是否一个接收器。如果是,该节点将缓存传入的数据包,并开始一个倒扣计时器返回一个应答消息,定时器值排名的目的相关接收机(称为转发候选名单)列表。如果没有其他货代较高的候选人prioritytransmitting ACK之前倒扣计时器到期,它将广播一个ACK和上层提供数据包,即。在网络层,触发一个接收活动。 The potential forwarder selection and prioritization module attaches the ordered forwarder list in the data packet header for the next hop. The outgoing packet will be submitted to the MAC layer and forwarded towards the destination. |
伪代码 |
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仿真结果 |
| R3E仿真分析在数据传输和基于证书撤销安全使用网络仿真器NS2实现 |
| 仿真完成吞吐量,包交货率和延迟使用R3E,其结果如图1所示,分别为2和3。 |
| 从图1中我们看到,提出系统的吞吐量比现有的系统。 |
| 从图2中我们看到,提出系统的数据包交货率高于现有系统。 |
| 从图1中我们已经看到提出的延迟系统低于现有的系统。 |
结论和未来的工作 |
| R3E最能增强现有被动路由协议inWSNs / IWSNs提供可靠和节能的包交付不可靠的无线连接。引入了一个偏置补偿方案在路由发现阶段和低伞就找到一个健壮的虚拟路径。没有利用位置信息,仍然可以贪婪地发展对目的地的数据包沿着虚拟路径。因此,R3E提供非常接近地理机会主义路由协议的路由性能。扩展AODV R3E证明其有效性和可行性。AODV-R3E可以有效地提高鲁棒性,端到端能源效率,和延迟。 |
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数据乍一看 |
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引用 |
- 大肠罗耶C.-K。(音),一个¢回顾当前的临时移动无线网络的路由协议,一个¢IEEE珀耳斯。沟通。,vol.6, issue no. 2, pp. 46âÂÂ55, 1999.
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- d·b·约翰逊和d·A·麦克斯维尔一个¢动态源路由在临时无线网络,一个¢美孚国际杂志》计算,8问题4卷,页153¢181,1996。
- 诉我,o .阿坎人,Akyildiz,一个¢实时和可靠传输协议对于无线传感器和演员网络,一个¢IEEE / ACM交易网络,16卷,没有问题。2,页359¢370,2008年4月。
- k .曾w·卢,j·杨和d·布朗,一个¢在地理协作转发无线临时和传感器网络,一个¢国际期刊《计算机网络和无线通讯》,问题4,450 - 455年,2012页。
- 毛X,唐,X, X。- y, h·马,一个¢节能机会主义路由在无线传感器网络中,一个¢IEEE反式。并行分布式系统,卷。22日,没有问题。11日,页。1934 A¢1942,2011年11月。
- 李聚会,AlGabri马列,z,纳吉·Hasan.A。H和X。张一个¢基于rss的工业无线传感器网络路由协议,一个¢国际期刊的计算机网络,第三卷,问题3,159 - 166年,2011页。
- k . a .大官M.-H。贝尔坦公司,t .见鬼,a . Guitton p . Minet t·瓦尔,J.-B。Viollet,¢无线技术在工业无线传感器网络——Ocari技术的发展,一个¢IEEE事务。电子。卷,56岁,没有问题。10日,页。4266 A¢4278,2009年10月。
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菜单
