国际创新研究期刊》的研究在科学、工程和技术
菜单ISSN在线(2319 - 8753)打印(2347 - 6710)
ISSN在线(2319 - 8753)打印(2347 - 6710)
Praveen a哈拉尔族人1Akshatha d S2,Manavendra.G3
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世界石油储备的消耗和提高环境问题激发了搜索是环境友好的替代燃料。生物燃料有可能成为化石燃料的替代燃料。生物柴油是可再生、可靠、可降解和视为清洁替代燃料,以减少废气排放。simarouba生物柴油被认为是作为柴油的替代燃料。本文采取了识别使用simarouba生物柴油的性能和排放。
关键字 |
| Simarouba生物柴油、性能、混合、CI发动机排放。 |
介绍 |
| 最有害的影响我们今天的文明是全球变暖和环境污染。快速工业化和城市化我们也使我们的地球不安全对我们和子孙后代。车辆在全世界人口越来越迅速。在印度汽车行业的增长率是世界上最大的之一。很明显,问题不能解决了与传统化石燃料然而严格的排放控制标准。印度的柴油燃料的消耗是2830万吨43.2%的石油产品的消费。要求了进口原油和石油产品。预期的增长率的柴油消费每年超过14%,减少原油储备和炼油能力有限,印度将严重依赖进口原油和石油产品。从保护全球环境和维持的角度从大从海湾国家进口的原油和石油产品,替代柴油的需要小时。随着世界化石燃料和原材料的储备是有限的,它有刺激石油积极的研究兴趣,可再生能源和非污染燃料。 With this scenario the need for an alternate fuel arises to maintain the economy of the country. The world has been confronted with energy crisis due to the decrease of fossil fuel resources and the increase of environmental restrictions. Therefore attention has been focused on developing the renewable or alternate fuels to replace the petroleum based fuels for transport vehicles. There are several alternative sources of fuel like vegetable oils, biogas, biomass, primary alcohols which are all renewable in nature. Among these fuels, vegetable oils appear to have an exceptional importance as they are renewable and widely available, biodegradable and non-toxic, and environment friendly. In a country like India it is observed that biodiesel can be a viable alternative automotive fuel. Biodiesel is a fastest growing alternative fuel and India has better resources for its production the vegetable oils cannot be used directly in diesel engines as alternative fuel because of high viscosity of vegetable oils leads to problem in pumping and spray characteristics. The best way to use vegetable oils as fuel in diesel engines is to convert it into incomplete combustion. It is a fact that biodiesel is a safer, more economical and infinitely more environmentally friendly than the conventional petroleum diesel that the majority of people currently use. Simarouba Biodiesel is a vegetable oil-based fuel that can be used to replace diesel oil. |
答:SIMAROUBA生物柴油 |
| Simarouba (Simarouba glauca)通常被称为天堂树。它是一种常绿multiutility树长大后15米高度利用根系和圆柱杆。它生长在奥里萨邦的荒地,卡纳塔克邦和古吉拉特邦。恰蒂斯加尔邦,安得拉邦,除此之外,比哈尔邦马哈拉施特拉邦和泰米尔纳德邦是潜在的州可以种植成功。Simarouba树可以生长在热带气候的温度范围从10C-40AC。700 - 1000毫米的降雨是适合其正常生长。所有类型的排水良好的土壤pH值在5.5到8.0范围适合simarouba种植园。 |
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b .酯交换 |
| 最常用的和最重要的方法来降低植物油的粘度。在这个过程中甘油三酸酯与三分子反应的醇在催化剂的作用下,产生的混合脂肪酸,烷基酯和甘油。去除的过程中所有的甘油和植物油的脂肪酸称为酯化催化剂的存在。 |
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二世。文献综述 |
1。MISHRA s R。,MOHANTY M. K., DAS S. P., PATTANAIK A. K. [1] |
| 进行了生产生物柴油的实验(甲酯)simarouba glauca石油。本文处理的酯基转移作用simarouba glauca石油通过甲醇在催化剂氢氧化钾的不到65C。simarouba生物柴油的重要性质,如粘度、密度、闪点、浊点、倾点、残碳和灰分含量发现,相比与柴油。结果表明,在40 simarouba生物柴油运动粘度C被发现4.68春秋国旅,密度865 kg / m³,闪点165C,浊点19C,倾点14.2C, w / w炭渣0.10%,灰分0.005% w / w。 |
2。vishwanath2004卷,m . c . NAVINDGI [2] |
| 进行了性能实验,使用simarouba石油柴油发动机的燃烧和排放特性及其与柴油混合。在这个工作simarouba生物柴油与柴油的混合不同比例的如S20 S40, S60, S80和S100准备,分析和比较了性能、燃烧和废气排放使用5.2千瓦单缸柴油机,1500 rpm, 4 s柴油机。结果表明,燃油消耗率simarouba生物柴油混合高于柴油对于特定的负载,但对于高负载,消费率仍然几乎不变。纯柴油的燃料比例高于simarouba生物柴油及其混合和空气燃料比减少随着负载的增加。制动热混合效率的是在几乎所有的负载水平较低。在混合S20发现最大热效率为25.01%的制动功率3.97千瓦,柴油是27.84%。废气温度满载是最大的混合。最初CO排放大幅减少在低负荷和增加4千瓦的电力测试后燃料。S20混合所有混合相比有更多的CO排放。HC的排放是随载荷的增加,但混合S20展品的HC排放类似柴油和S100混合HC的排放与其他混合。 NOx emission increased with the increase in percentage ratio of biodiesel. NOx emission for biodiesel and its blends was higher than that of diesel except S20 at lower loads. |
3所示。哈里希ASTAGI SHAILESH GOLABHANVI,翁HEBBAL [3] |
| 进行了性能实验,单缸柴油机的排放和燃烧特性作用于simarouba生物柴油和柴油燃料。在这个工作simarouba生物柴油与柴油的混合不同比例的如S20 S40, S60, S80和S100准备,分析和比较了性能、燃烧和废气排放使用5.2千瓦单缸柴油机,1500 rpm,固定压缩比16.5:1,固定喷射压力200酒吧和不同的制动功率。结果表明,随着制动功率的增加制动热效率增加在某种程度上,然后略有减少。S80的制动热效率是靠近柴油,显示S80混合可以有利的现有的柴油发动机。柴油机的机械效率略高于simarouba生物柴油。机械效率的柴油和生物柴油等于20%的混合。燃油消耗率降低制动功率更高。的燃油消耗率S80混合几乎是类似于柴油。纯柴油的airfuel比例略高于simarouba生物柴油及其混合物。空气燃料比减少随着负载的增加。 The air-fuel ratio for diesel and biodiesel were equal at 20% blend. The air-fuel ratio for diesel was 20.1 at full load and for S20 blend it was 16.99 at full load. The brake mean effective pressure increases with increase in concentration of simarouba biodiesel. The exhaust gas temperature increases with increase in loads for all the blends. Volumetric efficiency of diesel was higher than simarouba blends. The NOx emission for biodiesel and its blends was higher than that of diesel except S80 at lower loads. HC emission for all biodiesel blends was less than that of diesel except at full load. COâ emission of simarouba blends at full load condition was lower than that of the diesel. The CO emission for different blends of simarouba biodiesel decreases slowly and then increases exponentially at full load condition. Smoke emission of diesel at full load condition was higher than that of the blends of simarouba biodiesel. |
4所示。vishwanath2004卷,m . c . NAVINDGI [4] |
| 进行实验simarouba生物柴油的性能和排放特性及其对LHR的混合引擎。这项工作包括对比LHR引擎和正常引擎推动的混合比例的simarouba S0, S20, S40和S100。结果表明,在最大负载推动的LHR发动机的燃油消耗率与生物柴油与柴油高于LHR引擎推动的,低于正常引擎推动与柴油和生物柴油。空气燃料比随荷载增加的LHR引擎。S20混合与LHR引擎有制动热效率高于正常的发动机。公司排放的LHR S20混合引擎是低于正常水平的引擎。在满载HC排放水平降低了LHR引擎的推动与柴油和生物柴油比LHR引擎推动的正常与柴油引擎了。在高负载,氮氧化物排放的LHR与生物柴油引擎是高于正常与生物柴油引擎。 |
5。SHARUN MENDONCA,约翰保罗血管[5] |
| 进行实验注入时机对柴油机的性能和排放特性推动simarouba 20%生物柴油。结果表明,延迟注入时机制动燃油消耗率是对柴油相比S20混合在20.5bTDC。智障注入时机柴油给最大制动热效率比S20混合20.5一个bTDC。CO排放柴油不到S20混合20.5一个bTDC注入时机。制动注入时机引起更多的HC排放。氮氧化物排放S20混合高于柴油20.5一个bTDC注入时机。 |
6。大学BIRADAR DILIP SUTRAWAY,诉诉KATTI [6] |
| 进行了燃油喷射定时对性能的影响实验的CI引擎使用simarouba生物柴油作为燃料。结果表明,混合,制动热效率随负载的增加。制动热效率最高达到了柴油在23岁一个bTDC。发现制动热效率低的simarouba比柴油混合。混合,制动燃油消耗率随负荷增加而减小。S20混合的制动燃油消耗率是最好的在所有的混合。在正常的注入时机23bTDC, S20混合相比有更高的制动燃油消耗率S40和S100额定负载。在先进的注射时间26日bTDC, S40混合S20相比有更高的制动燃油消耗率和S100额定负载。simarouba混合的CO排放高于柴油机在额定负载。柴油和S100的CO排放至少在满载。 At 20ÃÂbTDC and 26ÃÂbTDC the CO emissions were more than 23ÃÂbTDC injection timing. The HC emissions were least for S40 and S100 at full load. At 20ÃÂbTDC and 26ÃÂbTDC injection timing, the HC emissions were less than 23ÃÂbTDC injection timing. For diesel and S20 blend at 23ÃÂbTDC injection timing HC emissions were high. For S20 blend at 26ÃÂbTDC HC emissions were minimum. For S100 blend 20ÃÂbTDC HC emissions were minimum. For rated load NOx emissions were higher for S100 than diesel at 23ÃÂbTDC injection timing. For S20 and S40 blends at 23ÃÂbTDC injection timing NOx emissions were low when compared to diesel. At 20ÃÂbTDC and 26ÃÂbTDC NOx emissions were less than 23ÃÂbTDC injection timing for all blends. The exhaust gas temperature increases with increase in engine loading for all blends at 20ÃÂbTDC was higher compared to 23ÃÂbTDC and 26ÃÂbTDC. At 23ÃÂbTDC S40 and S100 blends were having minimum exhaust gas temperature. The smoke density increases with increase in blending. At rated load, 23ÃÂbTDC smoke density for S20 was higher than that of diesel. |
7所示。熔岩k·R。,C. R. RAJASHEKHAR, VILAS WATWE [7] |
| 进行了改性效果实验(螺纹)活塞性能,柴油机的燃烧和排放特性通过simarouba生物柴油。本文涉及发动机燃烧室设计的修改,包括湍流提高可燃混合物的燃烧性。结果表明,标准比螺纹活塞活塞产生更高的汽缸压力。螺纹的质量分数高燃烧比标准活塞活塞。HC排放减少动荡增加线程的活塞,其结果完全燃烧的燃料。CO排放高的标准比螺纹活塞活塞。S20混合的氮氧化物排放略增加螺纹活塞与活塞的标准。 |
| 进行了改性效果实验(螺纹)活塞性能,柴油机的燃烧和排放特性通过simarouba生物柴油。本文涉及发动机燃烧室设计的修改,包括湍流提高可燃混合物的燃烧性。结果表明,标准比螺纹活塞活塞产生更高的汽缸压力。螺纹的质量分数高燃烧比标准活塞活塞。HC排放减少动荡增加线程的活塞,其结果完全燃烧的燃料。CO排放高的标准比螺纹活塞活塞。S20混合的氮氧化物排放略增加螺纹活塞与活塞的标准。 |
三世。结论 |
| Simarouba生物柴油满足重要的生物柴油燃料属性按ASTM规范。发动机工作顺利在simarouba甲酯与柴油相比,操作性能。simarouba生物柴油可以成功地取代作为CI发动机替代燃料 |
引用 |
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