动脉粥样硬化的病理学

摘要

动脉粥样硬化可能是动脉硬化的一种模式，其中动脉壁出现异常，称为病变。由于脂肪斑块的积聚，这些病变可能导致狭窄。最初通常没有症状。一旦严重，它可能导致冠状动脉疾病，中风，外周动脉疾病，或排泄器官问题，指望动脉受到影响。症状，如果出现，通常不会开始到生命的时候。确切原因并不是众所周知的。

描述

动脉粥样硬化可能是动脉硬化的一种模式，其中动脉壁出现异常，称为病变。由于脂肪斑块的积聚，这些病变可能导致狭窄。最初通常没有症状。一旦严重，它可能导致冠状动脉疾病，中风，外周动脉疾病，或排泄器官问题，指望动脉受到影响。症状，如果出现，通常不会开始到生命的时候。确切原因并不是众所周知的。危险因素包括胆固醇水平异常、炎症标志物水平升高、高血压、糖尿病、吸烟、肥胖、病史和不健康饮食。斑块是由脂肪、固醇、钙和血液中的替代物质形成的。动脉的狭窄限制了富氧血液流向身体各个部位。诊断依赖于身体交流、图表和运动检查等。 Prevention is mostly by consumption a healthy diet, exercising, not smoking, and maintaining a traditional weight. Treatment of established malady might embody medications to lower sterol like statins, pressure level medication, or medications that decrease natural action, like analgesic. Variety of procedures may additionally be applied like connective tissue coronary intervention, arteria coronaria bypass graft, or arteria extirpation. Atherosclerosis usually starts once an individual is young and worsens with age. Most individuals are affected to a point by the age of sixty five. It’s the amount one reason for death and incapacity within the developed world. The induration of the arteries method isn't well understood. Induration of the arteries is related to inflammatory processes within the epithelial tissue cells of the vessel wall related to maintained beta-lipoprotein (LDL) particles. This retention could also be a cause, an effect, or both, of the underlying inflammatory method. Carotid arteries offer blood to the brain and neck. Marked narrowing of the arteria arteries will gift with symptoms like a sense of weakness, not having the ability to suppose straight, issue speaking, turning into dizzy and issue in walking or standing up straight, blurred vision, symptom of the face, arms, and legs, severe headache and losing consciousness. These symptoms are associated with stroke (death of brain cells). Stroke is caused by marked narrowing or closure of arteries reaching to the brain; lack of adequate blood offer results in the death of the cells of the affected tissue. The presence of the plaque induces the muscle cells of the vas to stretch, compensating for the extra bulk, and therefore the epithelial tissue lining thickens, increasing the separation between the plaque and lumen. This somewhat offsets the narrowing caused by the expansion of the plaque, however it causes the wall to stiffen and quieted down compliant to stretching with every heartbeat.

为腿部、手臂和骨盆提供血液的外周动脉，由于斑块破裂和血栓，联合专家标记为狭窄。迹象为明显的方形测量症状，在手臂或腿部间隔，此外为疼痛。斑块形成的另一个重要部位是为肾脏提供血液的排泄器官动脉。斑块的发生和积累导致排泄器官血流量减少和慢性尿病，像所有不同的区域一样，通常可以很好地测量到晚期。