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津巴布韦哈拉雷肺炎和脑膜炎患者常见细菌分离株对复方新诺明(ctx)的耐药性

摘要

肺炎和脑膜炎是免疫功能低下患者发病和死亡的重要原因。对复方新诺明(CTX)和其他用于经验治疗方案的抗菌药物的耐药性是微生物学家和临床医生的一个重要问题。CTX是目前用于抗逆转录病毒治疗患者的预防药物。有必要评估其疗效并监测任何可能导致免疫功能低下患者发病和死亡的细菌病原体耐药性的出现。方法:对从肺炎和脑膜炎患者中分离的200株细菌进行了基于实验室的横断面研究。在2014年1月至2014年4月期间，从5个研究地点的肺炎和脑膜炎患者的痰液和脑脊液样本中分离出的致病菌进行培养和抗菌药物敏感性测试。复方新诺明和其他抗菌药物的疗效以百分比计算，每个细菌属水平。使用表格显示抗生素敏感性模式的结果。用图表显示最小抑菌浓度结果。结果:从肺炎患者痰液、胸腔积液和支气管洗液中分离出的致病菌对CTX具有较高的耐药水平。 Generally, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and ceftazidime were the most effective drugs against pathogenic bacteria isolated from patients with pneumonia. There was a high diversity of pathogenic bacteria isolated from CSF. S. pneumoniae was the most common organism isolated from CSF contributing 40% of the total. S. agalactiae was the second most common organism isolated from CSF contributing 17.5% of the total. All the isolates of S. agalactiae, H. influenzae, and Group D Streptococcus and S. pneumoniae were resistant to CTX. Tetracycline, doxycycline, chloramphenicol, ceftazidime, erythromycin and clindamycin were the most effective drugs against S. pneumoniae. Conclusion and Recommendations: Pathogenic bacteria isolated from patients with pneumonia and meningitis showed a high level of resistance to cotrimoxazole. Results of this study suggest that use of CTX as a prophylactic drug for patients with HIV may not be effective for prevention of bacterial pneumonia and meningitis. The low number of organisms collected from patients with meningitis was mainly due to the fact that most cases of meningitis were due to Cryptococcus neoformans infection. There is need to carry out a larger study which encompasses both bacterial and fungal meningitis.

Tafadzwa Dzinamarira

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