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每一次呼吸都很重要:阻止慢性阻塞性肺病的上升，预防波兰的慢性阻塞性肺病

摘要

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是最常见的慢性疾病之一，也是非常重要的社会问题。它是全球慢性疾病中导致死亡的第三大原因，全球每年造成310万人死亡。全世界约有2.5亿慢性阻塞性肺病患者。在波兰，统计数据显示约有200万人被诊断患有慢性阻塞性肺病，占40岁以后筛查人口的10%。另一方面，据估计，只有不到20%的患者在早期阶段被诊断出这种疾病，这就是为什么大量患者未被诊断或仅在疾病的晚期才被诊断出来的原因。就患病率而言，波兰治疗慢性阻塞性肺病的直接费用非常高，估计每年约为4.41亿兹罗提，包括药物治疗(2.97亿兹罗提)、一般护理和专家约见(3.60亿兹罗提)、住院治疗(9.61亿兹罗提)、康复(630万兹罗提)、家庭氧疗(630万兹罗提)、护理(440万兹罗提)。预防工作的一个重要内容是及早戒烟、减少接触有害因素和接种流感疫苗。限制这些因素有利于患者的健康，并降低病情恶化的风险。患者应注意正常体重和健康饮食。COPD的早期诊断也非常重要。 Emotional support and a psychological support are particularly important in patients with advanced COPD. Depression significantly increases the risk of exacerbations and affects the quality of life of patients. Systematic use of drugs and respiratory rehabilitation increases respiratory efficiency. Prevention of this disease is most important to reduce still growing prevalence and costs. A significant component in avoidance is early smoking end, decrease of presentation to hurtful elements and flu immunization. Restricting these elements is gainful to the patient's wellbeing and lessens the danger of intensifications. Patients should focus on ordinary body weight and a solid eating routine. Early conclusion of COPD is likewise significant. Enthusiastic help and a mental help are especially significant in patients with cutting edge COPD. Melancholy fundamentally builds the danger of intensifications and influences the personal satisfaction of patients. Precise utilization of medications and respiratory recovery increments respiratory productivity. Counteraction of this illness is generally essential to decrease despite everything developing predominance and expenses. Chronic obstructive aspiratory illness (COPD) is one of the most widely recognized interminable non-irresistible infections, the prognosed rate of which is going to methodicallly increment during the coming years. Current projections show that COPD will turn into the third most regular reason for death in 2020 when contrasted with 6th spot in the insights from 1990, if late epidemiological patterns stay unaltered overall. These patterns incorporate diminishing mortality because of cardiovascular and irresistible sicknesses, expanding smoking propensity just as advancing natural contamination, particularly in immature nations. Segment angle is likewise of significance, with expanding human life span and consequently developing measure of matured subjects inclined to creating COPD. Pervasiveness of COPD changes in various examinations, contingent upon philosophy, lower age cutoff of the contemplated populaces and agent character of the specific considered gatherings. The accepted predominance of COPD in people more than 40 years old, as affirmed by spirometric test, is 8.9%. No epidemiological investigations in bunches agent for everyone have been proceeded up 'til now in Poland. Two as of late distributed little Polish investigations yielded conflicting outcomes. One examination discovered indications of COPD in 9.3% subjects of over 40 years old, though the other investigation discovered COPD in the same number of as 26% of the dissected populace. The ailment influences all the more generally men, with male: female proportion of 2:1. In any case, this distinction is as of now vanishing, as smoking propensity turns out to be similarly boundless in both genders. Constant obstructive aspiratory malady is right now the most widely recognized lung infection in Poland, and the fourth most basic reason for death after cardiovascular sickness, threat and surprising unexpected demise

Cudzik K

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