发展中的排斥:喀拉拉邦的经验
蓬勃发展的发展文献产生了大量的概念和术语，往往造成口头拜物教，破坏创造性思维，扭曲发展的意义。目前流行的是包容性发展，但这个词并没有精确的定义;它的范围也没有明确。迄今为止，关于发展的概念、来源和尺度尚未达成一致。然而，有一种倾向认为发展是解决所有社会问题的灵丹妙药。然而，有一派认为“发展已死”，我们正处于“后发展时代”。理论和历史都证明了这样一个事实，即沿着种姓-阶级-性别轴划分的社会不可能有包容性发展。只有有物质基础的个人或社会群体才有发展的可能。印度的发展进程忽略甚至排斥原住民，他们是整个印度原始积累和压迫的常规受害者。喀拉拉邦也不例外。 Of course, the state is acclaimed as a development model, God’s own country and a first world society in a third world country for the high HDI it has. But deprived groups like adivasis have not been able to avail themselves of this achievement. The adivasis particularly have been losing their resource base and getting excluded through development. What Kerala has is not inclusive development but inclusive welfare. It appears that there is inexorable need for going back to the values of Enlightenment and liberalism and classical individualism so that every adivasi is able to realize her full potential.
M Kunhaman
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