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植物氧化还原电位和pH值的测定及其在植物抗性机制和植物生理中的作用

摘要

植物生物物理状态的研究始于35年前，与寻找植物抵抗寄生虫的机制有关。这里的重点是谷物对白粉病和锈病等寄生物的可变抗性。有必要找出一个在个体发育过程中和通过环境发生变化的因素，包括:1。植物的病害梯度，2。2 .个体发育和生长过程中各器官易感性的变化;4.植物单株细胞的抗性差异。抗性在几个小时内发生了相对快速的变化。该因子可以在植物器官的生物物理状态(氧化还原电位(RP)和pH值)中发现。介绍了植物组织在好氧条件下和在缺氧条件下RP的测量方法。氧化还原状态在器官生长发育过程中发生变化，受外界条件如光照、温度、水分、生长调节剂、营养等和器官衰老的影响。这不是物理化学中定义的标准氧化还原电位，它是恒定的，但植物的氧化还原电位取决于呼吸酶的活性，并且它是变化的。 The actual state can be red from the lower turn point of mV changes on indication instrument (milivoltmetre) with input resistance at least 10 MΩ. A hypothesis was formulated for further investigation: The principle of resistance consists in the ability of the parasite to gain the energy in the host cell. The parasite uses the terminal oxidase of the host plasma lemma. The specific phenolics are the substrate for this enzyme. The main features of this hypothesis are: 1. There is no free oxygen in the cell plasma. 2. The redox potentials are generated by the respiration of the cells by the sum of activities in cell organelles which produce the electrons and the activity of oxidoreductase (the terminal oxidase) in the plasma lemma. The electron carriers can permeate from the cell to the environment and they are soluble in water. 3. The redox potential is the basis of electric gradients in the plant which plays the main role in its integrity as well as for the life of the parasite. 4. The parasite respires through the terminal oxidase of the host. 5. The environmental conditions influence the enzyme activity of host and parasite cells differently by which different redox potentials may appear in the host and parasite cells resulting in unspecific oxidation or reduction of electron carriers. 6. The acidity of the host cells determinates the formation of conidia or cleistothecia (in powdery mildew) or formation of redia or telia (in rusts). 7. Depend on redox potential it is possible to explain some correlations in plants. Without knowledge of RP gradients it is not possible to explain the integrity of plants and related phenomena.

贝纳达J KromÄ Å′íž

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