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十二烷基硫酸钠水溶液的热力学研究:填料氯化钠和硫酸钠的比较

摘要

洗涤剂是一种表面活性剂、构建剂、填料的聚合体，使溶液能够快速有效地润湿表面。它还可以乳化油性土壤，并保留它们、漂白剂、染料、酶和其他几种成分。表面活性剂清洗悬浮和分散，使它们不会沉降到表面。为了获得优异的清洁性能，表面活性剂中添加了其他化合物，如建造剂和填料。十二烷基硫酸钠是一种阴离子表面活性剂，主要成分添加到洗涤剂和清洁产品。本研究通过加入氯化钠和硫酸钠填料，研究了SDS的分子相互作用。NaCl和Na2SO4的重要用途是制造洗涤剂。硫酸钠是一种非常便宜的材料，约占世界产量的50%。它有助于“整平”，减少纤维上的负电荷，这样染料就能均匀地渗透到织物上。同样，氯化钠也可以作为有效的填料添加到SDS中。 The efficiency of these SDS and fillers in detergent action can be analyzed by the thermo dynamical study using ultrasonic method with the measurement of ultrasonic velocity, viscosity and density. Using the measured values, thermo dynamical parameters like internal pressure, free volume, osmotic pressure, Δπi, Gibb’s free energy, molar cohesive energy were evaluated for aqueous SDS with fillers at different temperatures. Ultrasonic study of the aqueous solutions reveals some information regarding internal pressure which is a single factor appears to vary due to the internal cohesive forces resultant from attractive and repulsive forces between the molecules. It measures the molecular cohesion and instantaneous volume derivative of cohesive energy associated with an isothermal expansion of solutions. The internal pressure of hydrogen bonded liquids (water) is large as compared to nonhydrogen bonded liquids. Hence it can be used for studying molecular association of hydrogen bonding. Similarly free volume is one of significant factor in explaining the free space and its dependent properties have close connection with molecular structure and it may show features about various interactions. It seems to be conditioned by repulsive forces whereas internal pressure is sensitive to attractive forces. Gibb’s free energy is the energy associated with a chemical reaction that can be used to do work. Molar cohesive energy is arising due to the mutual attractiveness of molecules. Osmotic pressure is the minimum pressure which needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of solvent molecules across a semipermeable membrane. Various interactions of SDS with fillers are explained in terms of above parameters and also the relationships πi=π0+Am2+Bm for internal pressure and Vf=Vf0+Cm2+Dm for free volume were also verified. Thecoefficients A, B and C, D for the above equation have been calculated at different temperatures. Δπi gives an idea about the effect of cohesive forces in ion-solvent interaction. It is understood that sensitive information regarding the cohesive forces is well obtained by the data Δπi instead of the coefficients of the above equation.

Renuka DK, Gomathiyalini A

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